The IPCC’s 1.5°C-aligned guidance on the role of ammonia recognizes ammonia's potential as an alternative energy carrier to substitute for fossil fuels in sectors not amenable to electrification (IPCC AR6 WGIII, April 2022, Chapter 4, Section 4.2.5). The report acknowledges the role ammonia could play as a hydrogen carrier (IPCC AR6 WGIII, April 2022, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.5) and as a storage or interconnection option for renewable energy (IPCC AR6 WGIII, April 2022, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.3). While the IPCC emphasizes that direct electrification is generally more efficient and should be prioritized where feasible (IPCC AR6 WGIII, April 2022, Technical Summary), it identifies ammonia as having a role in the shipping industry as a fuel source (IPCC AR6 WGIII, April 2022, Chapter 10, Section 10.3.1), in the chemical industry to produce fertilizers and other products, and in other heavy industry (IPCC AR6 WGIII, April 2022, Chapter 11, Section 11.3.5). However, to have potential as a decarbonization option, the IPCC acknowledges that ammonia production needs to be decarbonized, either through the use of electrolysis powered by low- or zero-carbon energy to produce the hydrogen, through the introduction of carbon capture and storage (CCS) for the fossil gas reforming method, or through the use of methane pyrolysis to produce the hydrogen and solid carbon (IPCC AR6 WGIII, April 2022, Chapter 11, 11.4.1).
A +2 score, indicating strong alignment with the IPCC’s science-based guidance on the role of ammonia in 1.5°C pathways, is achieved by strongly supporting policy, infrastructure, investments, or other systems to speed up the decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors, such as shipping and heavy industry, through the introduction of low-carbon or zero-carbon ammonia. Statements supporting policies with faster timelines for decarbonizing ammonia production or polices for integrating ammonia into the renewable energy system as storage or interconnection are also scored as +2. A +2 is also achieved when supporting the use of ammonia as a low-carbon hydrogen carrier.
A +1 score, indicating broad alignment with the IPCC’s science-based guidance on the role of ammonia in 1.5°C pathways, is achieved by generally supporting the use of low- or zero-carbon ammonia in hard-to-abate sectors, such as shipping or heavy industry, with reference to the need for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Statements generally supporting decarbonizing ammonia production or integrating ammonia into the renewable energy system as storage or interconnection are also scored as +1. A +1 is also achieved when supporting the use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier or communicating the need for government intervention to enhance research and development in any sectors.
A 0 score, indicating unclear or mixed alignment with the IPCC’s science-based guidance on the role of ammonia in 1.5°C pathways, is achieved by supporting the role of low-carbon ammonia for general use or in hard-to-abate sectors, such as shipping and heavy industry, with ambiguity around the decarbonization of its production. Supporting ammonia as a hydrogen carrier with an unclear position on the decarbonization of hydrogen production will also score a 0. Statements communicating the need for government intervention to enhance research and development for advanced ammonia for use in transport without stating the need to decarbonize ammonia production are also scored as 0.
A -1 score, indicating broad misalignment with the IPCC’s science-based guidance on the role of ammonia in 1.5°C pathways, is achieved by promoting a general role for ammonia with ambiguity on the need to decarbonize production or promoting the use of ammonia produced from fossil fuels in hard-to-abate sectors with ambiguity on the need to decarbonize production. Promoting co-firing of ammonia with coal with ambiguity around a timeline for the phase-out of coal is also scored as -1.
A -2 score, indicating strong misalignment with the IPCC’s science-based guidance on the role of ammonia in 1.5°C pathways, is achieved by advocating against the phase-out of fossil fuels on the premise of continued ammonia use, for example in transport, or promoting investment in ammonia produced from fossil fuels. Actively opposing the decarbonization of ammonia production or opposing the phase-out of coal on the basis of ammonia co-firing is also scored as -2.
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Green ammonia holds immense potential in reducing carbon emissions and the project, once ready, will contribute to a cleaner future and support India's National Green Hydrogen Mission
Created - 22/04/2024
Last Edited - 22/04/2024
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Supporting the use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier and supporting low-carbon and renewable ammonia use in hard-to-abate sectors (Yara, CEO, Svein Tore Holsether, Sustainability Report, March 2021)
It is clear that clean hydrogen will drive the transition to a fossil free future and green ammonia is the gateway to such a hydrogen economy because it is the best and easiest way of transporting and storing hydrogen. Green ammonia will lead to the production of carbon-free fertilizers, it will serve as carbon-free fuel for the shipping industry, and it will also enable the decarbonization of other energy-intensive industries.
Created - 19/03/2024
Last Edited - 19/03/2024
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Supporting the integration of ammonia in renewable energy systems as storage or interconnection, supporting the use of ammonia in hard-to-abate sectors and supporting the use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier, however with ambiguity around decarbonizing its production (Chevron, Consultation Response on Review of the National Hydrogen Strategy, August 2023)
To deliver ever-cleaner energy to a growing world, several technologies and pathways are required to safely and efficiently transport and store hydrogen. This includes the use of ammonia, an effective and proven hydrogen carrier, particularly over large distances and at scale. In addition to being an effective and proven hydrogen carrier, Chevron believes lower carbon ammonia has the potential to be a cost-effective solution to assist lower the carbon intensity of industrial sectors, or power generation applications through: • Co-firing with coal in existing coal-fired power plants, ammonia can be used directly in combustion processes to generate power while lowering the carbon intensity. • In use-cases where hydrogen is the molecule needed, ammonia can be cracked back to hydrogen at the demand location. • Power generation applications to complement the expected increase in renewables in the energy grid. • The ability for ammonia to store energy over long periods of time and can be used to address intermittency issues associated with large-scale renewable power deployment. Other benefits of ammonia include its ability to be more easily stored and transported by pipeline, truck, rail, or ship, and that it has established markets and trading routes. Ammonia also supports the growth of the hydrogen industry and industrial decarbonisation in the shortterm.
Created - 26/03/2024
Last Edited - 26/03/2024
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アンモニアと石炭の混焼を推進しているが、石炭からの撤退とアンモニアの生産プロセスにおける脱炭素化の時間軸は曖昧である(第10回GX実行会議、会長 勝野哲、2023年12月)
まず「COP28」について、「多様な道筋」に関する総理の決意表明を支持いたします。特にエネルギー供給 においては、地政学リスクを踏まえたエネルギー安全保障の観点からも、トランジションでは、LNG 火力に過度に依存せず、燃料備蓄が容易な石炭火力をアンモニア混焼・CCS 等を活用しながら低・脱炭素化していくことが、 我が国・アジアにとって現実的な道筋と考えます。
Created - 28/06/2024
Last Edited - 18/07/2024
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アンモニア混焼を前提として、石炭火力発電所のフェーズアウトに反対している。エネルギー分野におけるCCSへの政府からの支援を主張しながら、エネルギーミックスにおける化石燃料（LNG、水素とアンモニア混焼を含む）役割を支持している(中部経済連合会、次期エネルギー基本計画策定に対する提言、中部電力会長 勝野哲、2024年5月）
エネルギー自給率の低いわが国において、脱炭素に偏った政策では、エネルギー価格の上昇を招き、国内産業の競争力低下や国内サプライチェーンの構築を阻害する虞がある。経済成長、安定供給と脱炭素の同時実現を果たすために、次期エネルギー基本計画では従来の「Ｓ＋３Ｅ」に加え、エネルギーの安全保障や経済発展を両立できる計画となるように議論を進めていく必要がある。[...]わが国においては、脱炭素化を進める一方、人口減少や過疎化といったさまざまな社会課題も顕在化している。これらの課題に対処するために、エネルギー供給面では原子力発電所や火力発電所など「大規模集中型システム」を活用することでエネルギー転換効率の向上を図るとともに、「自立分散型システム」を併用したエネルギー供給によって、送配電システムの効率化と災害時のレジリエンスを向上させることが可能である。[...]その火力発電には、石炭からLNGへのシフト、水素・アンモニアへの燃料転換を、混焼など既設設備を有効活用しながらトランジションを進めていくことが重要である。[...]「化石燃料の安定調達と脱炭素燃料（LowCarbonFuel）のサプライチェーン構築」「カーボンプライシングと電化による脱炭素の促進」を同時実現できる仕組みとすべきである。[...]火力発電の確保とトランジションの推進-脱炭素に向けて再生可能エネルギーの導入が進む一方で、電力需要の急増やベースロード電源の脱落などによる需給変動への対応や出力が不安定な再生可能エネルギーのバックアップなど、安定供給のためには火力発電は不可欠である。火力発電の脱炭素化には、石炭のガス化や水素・アンモニアなどへの燃料転換に加えて、CCU（Carbondioxide Capture and Utilization）・CCS（Carbondioxide Capture and Storage）技術を活用することが必要であり、これらの技術開発を促進するためにもトランジション期における火力発電の位置付けをエネルギー政策の中で明確にすることが重要である。④化石燃料の柔軟かつ安定、安価な調達-世界各国が2050年カーボンニュートラル実現に向けたNDCを宣言したことで、欧州を中心に化石燃料の上流開発へのダイベストメントが加速し、化石燃料の需給がひっ迫、価格の高騰につながった。この状況を鑑み、わが国としては長期的な需給についての具体的展望のもと、柔軟かつ、安定、安価な調達が必要である。具体的には、火力発電の脱炭素へのトランジションの過程において、石炭からLNGへの燃料転換などにより、中長期的にLNGの消費増大が見込まれる。そのため価格高騰や地政学的リスクに伴う調達リスクを考慮し、増減産や輸送など調達でのリードタイムや夏季・冬季などの高需要期、春季・秋季における低需要期の運用などを踏まえ、適切な火力ポートフォリオを構築するためには硬直性の高いLNGや柔軟性のある石炭の調達の組みあわせ等を考慮する必要がある。[...]化石燃料から水素やアンモニア、e-methane（合成メタン）、e-fuel（合成燃料）などへの転換を促し、エネルギー・経済安全保障、経済成長、脱炭素を同時実現するためには、サプライチェーン構築などの普及支援策が必要である。
Created - 04/07/2024
Last Edited - 27/01/2025
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Supporting the role of green ammonia to decarbonize industry in India, including through the National Green Hydrogen Mission (Chairman & CEO, Sumant Sinha, Press Release, April 2024)